B-Scan and ‘En-Face’Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging for the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of White Dot Syndromes

The term ‘white dot syndromes’ (WDS) refers to several inflammatory diseases of the retina and choroid caused by immune dysregulation. They consist of the following disorders, with overlapping clinical features: • Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) • Serpiginous choroidopathy • Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) • Birdshot retinochoroidopathy • Acute retinal pigment epitheliitis (ARPE) • Multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis syndrome (MCP) • Punctuate inner choroidopathy (PIC), and • Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) These conditions usually occur following an influenza-like illness, but their patho-physiologic mechanism remains poorly understood. The white dot syndromes affect more frequently young females and individuals with mild myopia, and present as white or yellow, deep, round lesions in the central fundus. Their size and number can vary between each entity, as well as their unior bilateral involvement.